标题：Do Adaptive Comanagement Processes Lead to Adaptive Comanagement Outcomes? A Multicase Study of Long-term Outcomes Associated with the National Riparian Service Team’s Place-based Riparian Assistance
摘要：Adaptive comanagement (ACM) is a novel approach to environmental governance that combines the dynamiclearning features of adaptive management with the linking and network features of collaborative management. There is growinginterest in the potential for ACM to resolve conflicts around natural resource management and contribute to greater social andecological resilience, but little is known about how to catalyze long lasting ACM arrangements. We contribute to knowledgeon this topic by evaluating the National Riparian Service Team's (NRST) efforts to catalyze ACM of public lands riparian areasin seven cases in the western U.S. We found that the NRST's approach offers a relatively novel model for integrating joint fact-finding, multiple forms of knowledge, and collaborative problem solving to improve public lands riparian grazing management.With this approach, learning and dialogue often helped facilitate the development of shared understanding and trust, key featuresof ACM. Their activities also influenced changes in assessment, monitoring, and management approaches to public lands riparianarea grazing, also indicative of a transition to ACM. Whereas these effects often aligned with the NRST's immediate objectives,i.e., to work through a specific issue or point of conflict, there was little evidence of long-term effects beyond the specific issueor intervention; that is, in most cases the initiative did not influence longer term changes in place-based governance andinstitutions. Our results suggest that the success of interventions aimed at catalyzing the transformation of governancearrangements toward ACM may hinge on factors external to the collaborative process such as the presence or absence of (1)dynamic local leadership and (2) high quality agreements regarding next steps for the group. Efforts to establish long lastingACM institutions may also face significant constraints and barriers, including existing laws and regulations associated withpublic land management
关键词：adaptive comanagement; collaborative processes; evaluation; U.S. West
