摘要：We analyzed the main drivers for ecological restoration in Iceland from 1907 to 2010 and assessed whether thedrivers have changed over time and what factors might explain the changes, if any. Our study was based on a catalogue of 100restoration projects, programs, and areas, representing 75% to 85% of all restoration activities in Iceland. Catastrophic erosionwas an early driver for soil conservation and restoration efforts that still ranked high in the 2000s, reflecting the immense scaleof soil erosion and desertification in Iceland. Socioeconomic drivers such as farming and the provision of wood products werestrong motivators of ecological restoration over most of the 20th century, although their relative importance decreased with timeas the number and diversity of drivers increased. In the 1960s and 1970s, the construction of hard infrastructure, and moralvalues such as improving the aesthetics of the countryside and "repaying the debt to the land" emerged as motivations forrestoration actions. In the late 1990s, the United Nations Climate Change Convention became a driver for restoration, and theimportance of nature conservation and recreation increased. Technological development and financial incentives did not showup as drivers of ecological restoration in our study, although there are some indications of their influence. Furthermore, policywas a minor driver, which might reflect weak policy instruments for ecological restoration and some counteractive policies
