摘要：The common property meadows in the Swiss Alps have been managed by local self-organized governance systemssince the Middle Ages, thus preventing their overuse. During the past century, socioeconomic developments, such asindustrialization and rapid nonagricultural economic growth, have shifted employment opportunities from the agricultural sectortowards the service sector. In the agricultural sector, this has led to less intensive use and maintenance of the meadows in theAlps and consequently to a reduction in biodiversity. We use the example of Grindelwald in the Swiss Alps to analyze how thegovernance system has adapted to these socioeconomic developments. We based our analysis on the Program in InstitutionalAnalysis of Social-Ecological Systems (PIASES). We coded five statutes ranging in date from 1867 to 2003, and conductedinterviews to investigate changes in the governance system. In so doing, we focused on changes in the operational rules thatstructure the focal interactions between the social system and the ecological system, namely harvesting level and investmentactivities. Our results show that the governance system has adapted to the socioeconomic changes (1) by creating an additionalorganizational subunit that allows appropriators to alter operational rules relatively autonomously, and (2) through changingseveral operational rules. We conclude by outlining the properties of the governance system that have allowed for constantharvesting levels and investment activities over time
关键词：common property pastures; rules; SES; social-ecological systems
