标题：Effets de la composition chimique et biochimique des résidus de cultures sur leur décomposition dans un sol Limono-Argileux du semi aride (Chemical and biochemical composition’s Effect of crop residues on their decomposition in semi-arid),
期刊名称：Journal of Materials and Environmental Science
印刷版ISSN：2028-2508
出版年度：2014
卷号：5
期号：1
页码：159-166
出版社：University of Mohammed Premier Oujda
摘要：The soil organic matter has an important role in soil fertility and productivity. The increase of carbon storage in soils could decrease CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and mitigate global climate change. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of crop residues (roots and shoots) of sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L. var minuta (eg Desf. Alef) Mansf....)) and wheat (Triticum durum Desf) and co mpared against a co ntrol bovine manure. Residues and manure were applied on a silty clay soil (da: 1.45) in a minimum amount restituted or supplied in unproductive year under natural co nditions. The incubation was carried out under aerobic conditions and at a constant temperature of 28 °c during 90 days with a moisture adjusted to 2/3 Θcc. The observed organic carbon ranged from to 40.08 to 44.07 % for the residues and for the manure is about 31.75 %. The latter is richer in total nitrogen is 2.33 %, co mpared to residues whose content did not exceed 1%, therefore the C / N ratio of manure was 17.63 while the average of the residuals was around 59.49. Fabaceae residues (sulla and faba bean) were characterized by the highest rate of cellulose corresponding to 35.43 and 35.50 % of the organic matter (OM); compared to manure that is distinguished by a more low rate of 2.35 %. The lignin contents ranged from 7.03 to 19.30 % in the residues and manure respectively. The neutral detergent soluble fraction was significantly lower in the range of 26.04 % for the Fabaceae and 24.96 % for wheat and rapeseed, against 70.10 % for the manure. Under the experimental conditions, the decomposition of the tested organic products (Sulla, faba bean, rapeseed, wheat, and cattle manure) is closely related to their chemical and biochemical compounds. More organic residues are rich in lignin biodegradation is more difficult. Fiber fractions of organic products have shown that manure is significantly (p < 0.05) rich in lignin and soluble fractions while crop residues are richer in cellulose and hemicellulose. At the end of incubation, the amount of C-CO2emitted from the soil varies between 23.91 and 91.51 % COT of organics products added. The contribution of Fabaceae residues and manure have mineralized amounts of carbon significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control and significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the mixture of soil-rape and soil-wheat. Ho wever, the mineralization potential (C0) is more important for crop residues as manure
