摘要：The Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network (AMRLN) collects and analyses laboratory data on new cases of disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In 2005, a total of 810 cases were identified by bac-teriology; an annual reporting rate of 4.0 cases per 100,000 population. Isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis (n=806), Mycobacterium afri-canum (n=2) and Mycobacterium bovis (n=2). Fifteen children aged under 10 years had bacte-riologically-confirmed tuberculosis. Results of in vitro drug susceptibility testing were available for all 810 isolates for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and pyrazinamide (Z). A total of 74 (9.1%) isolates of M. tuberculosis were resistant to at least one of these anti-tuberculosis agents. Resistance to at least H and R (defined as multi-drug resistance, MDR) was detected in 12 (1.5%) isolates; nine were from the respiratory tract (sputum n=8, bronchoscopy n=1). Of the 74 M. tuberculosis isolates resistant to at least one of the standard drugs, 67 (90.5%) were from new cases, 6 from previously treated cases, and no information was available on the remaining case. Eight were Australian-born, 65 were over-seas-born, and the country of birth of one was unknown. Of the 65 overseas-born persons with drug resistant disease, 41 (63.1%) were from 4 countries; Vietnam (n=16), Papua New Guinea (n=10), the Philippines (n=9), and India (n=6). A retrospective review of AMRLN data on isolates collected between 2000 and 2005 found that none of 70 MDR-TB isolates met the new definition for extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB, i.e. MDR-TB with additional resistance to quinolones and second-line injectable agents).
关键词：Mycobacterium tuberculosis; ;Mycobacterium bovis; laboratory diagnosis; ;tuberculosis; drug resistance; nucleic acid ;amplification test
