摘要：The Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program together with collaborating laboratories Australiawide, conducts a laboratory based rotavirus surveillance program. This report describes the genotypes of rotavirus strains responsible for the hospitalisation of children with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009, the second year of surveillance following introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the National Immunisation Program. Five hundred and ninetytwo faecal samples from across Australia were examined for G and P genotype using hemi-nested multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Of the 445 confirmed as rotavirus positive, genotype G2P[4] was the dominant type nationally, representing 50.3%, followed by genotype G1P[8] (22.5%). Genotypes G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] each represented less than 5% of circulating strains nationally. Uncommon rotavirus genotype combinations, including G1P[4] (n = 6), G4P[4] (n = 2) and single strains of G1P[6] and G3P[6] were identified during this study period. The national dominance of G2P[4] was associated with a large outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in Alice Springs in early 2009. This is the first report to describe G2P[4] as the dominant genotype nationally. Whether vaccine pressure has resulted in emergence of this genotype is not yet known.
