摘要：The replacement
hypothesis proposes that “modern humans” evolved only in sub-Saharan Africa,
through a speciation event rendering them unable to breed with other hominins.
They then spread throughout Africa, then to Asia, Australia and finally to
Europe, replacing all other humans by exterminating or outcompeting them. In
this critical analysis of the replacement hypothesis it is shown that it began
as a hoax, later reinforced by false paleoanthropological claims and a series
of flawed genetic propositions, yet it became almost universally accepted
during the 1990s and has since dominated the discipline. The numerous
shortcomings of the hypothesis are appraised from genetic, anthropological, and
archaeological perspectives and it is refuted. The resulting hiatus in the
history of the human genus is then filled with an outline of a comprehensive
alternative theory presented recently, which not only explains the origins of
“modern humans” but also numerous so far unexplained aspects of being human.
关键词：Replacement Hypothesis; Domestication Hypothesis; African Eve; Human Evolution; Genetics; Epistemology
