摘要：Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries
has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that
scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to
generate less hazardous materials and more environmentally friendly sources of
energy production. In this review the roles of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and IL based solvent
systems as proposed alternative for conventional organic solvents are
described. Since there are already many reviews on benefits of ILs, after a very brief
review of ILs we focus mostly on aspects that are not covered in other reviews,
in particular the known limits of these solvents. In addition, different methods to
measure the physicochemical properties relevant to their use in energy storage
applications such as fuel cells and batteries are introduced. The physicochemical properties
that are reviewed are thermal properties, conductivity and chemical reactivity.
The focus of the review is on the literature after 2008, with the exception of
some important historic articles on ILs.
关键词：Technology; Preference for Quality; Volume of Trade; Vertical Intra-Industry Trade
