标题：Accounting for Bads in the Measurement of Productivity Growth: A Cost Indirect Malmquist Productivity Measure and it Application to U.S. Agriculture
摘要：This paper starts with the basic premise that the conventional measures ofproductivity growth, which ignore joint production of good and bad outputs, are biased.We then construct an alternative productivity growth measure using activity analysis. Anapplication to U.S. agriculture demonstrates its usefulness. More specifically, we showthat the T.rnqvist index of productivity is biased upward when production of undesirableoutputs or "bads" is increasing. Conversely, this same measure of productivity is biaseddownward when externalities in production are decreasing.
