摘要：In recent years market liberalisation and privatisation have been championed as a means of spreading the benefits of globalisation world-wide (ed. Ramanadham, 1993). Policies favouring market liberalisation and privatisation have been advanced by economists (e.g. Aharoni, 1986; Hanke, 1987; eds. Cook and Kirkpatrick, 1988; Vickers and Yarrow, 1988; Shapiro and Willig, 1990; Boycko, Shleifer and Vishny, 1996; Lal, 1997) and the main international aid and trade bodies, particularly the World Bank, IMF, OECD, Asian Development Bank and latterly the new World Trade Organisation (WTO) (Ikenberry, 1990, p.100; Ramamurti, 1992; World Bank, 1995). In response more than 100 countries now claim to have privatisation programmes. Last year global privatisation receipts rose to a record US$200bn. (Privatisation International, January 2001). At the same time, however, the World Bank has noted that the share of employment of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in developing economies may be the same now as in the early 1980s (cited in Rondinelli, 1997, p.3). In a number of countries privatisation seems to have been more talked about than carried out (e.g. Cooke and Minogue, 1990; Adam, Cavendish and Mistry, 1992, p.39; eds. Cook and Kirkpatrick, 1995; Astbury, 1996; Fundanga and Mwaba, 1997; Parker, 1998a, 1999a).
