摘要：Pollution control in the United Stateshas long been based upon "command-and-control" (CAC) regulation. Thecommand feature is usually legislation,passed at the state or federal level, thatregulates polluters. The control isenforcement of the rules, perhaps by theEnvironmental Protection Agency orthe Minnesota Pollution ControlAgency. Under these conditions,polluters, whether large corporations orindividual households, have littlelatitude or incentive to devise newways to comply with the law. Theymust simply adopt particular controlmethods or meet clearly specifiedemissions targets—or face a penalty.In the past three decades, consider-able progress in environmental clean-up has been achieved with thecommand-and-control approach.
