摘要：Diversified production systems are considered important tools for stabilizing theincome of smallholder rubber producers in Indonesia. Based on empirical datacollected from smallholder rubber producers in the Nucleus Estate Smallholder(NES) development project, estimations were made of the economic feasibility ofintegrating sheep and selected crops into smallholder rubber production planta-tions. The dynamic optimization procedure is used as an evaluation technique.This study finds that integration of sheep and crops into smallholder rubberproduction is economically feasible, particularly for those who utilize family laborfor hand harvesting grass and grazing sheep. Integrating sheep alone increases thenet present value of future income by 20%. The combination of sheep andsoybeans with smallholder rubber production increases the net present value offuture income by 38%.
