摘要：The Parker doctrine requires that state regulatory arrangements seeking exemption from federal antitrust law be clearly articulated by the state "as sovereign." Professor Page argues that the clear-articulation requirement is justified because it reinforces representative political processes. He rejects Professor Wiley's capture preemption approach and the Supreme Court's analysis in Fisher v. City of Berkeley, arguing that both misconceive the nature of governmental relationships with interest groups. Professor Page concludes that the essentially collective nature of economic regulation supports adherence to the clear-articulation requirement as the measure of political legitimacy.
关键词：Cases; Antitrust law; Government regulation of business; Exclusive and concurrent legislative powers; Interpretation and construction
