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文章基本信息

  • 标题:Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Kovacic, William E. ; Marshall, Robert C. ; Marx, Leslie M.
  • 期刊名称:Michigan Law Review
  • 印刷版ISSN:0026-2234
  • 出版年度:2011
  • 卷号:110
  • 期号:3
  • 页码:393-436
  • 出版社:University of Michigan Law School
  • 摘要:Plus factors are economic actions and outcomes, above and beyond parallel conduct by oligopolistic firms, that are largely inconsistent with unilateral conduct but largely consistent with explicitly coordinated action. Possible plus factors are typically enumerated without any attempt to distinguish them in terms of a meaningful economic categorization or in terms of their probative strength for inferring collusion. In this Article, we provide a taxonomy for plus factors as well as a methodology for ranking plus factors in terms of their strength for inferring explicit collusion, the strongest of which are referred to as "super plus factors."
  • 关键词:Plus factors; Antitrust; Coordination; Collusion; Economics; Burdens of proof; Cartels; Behavior
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