摘要：The biological effects monitoring plays an important role in marine monitoring. Contaminants and their effects on fish as well as on other marine organisms belong to the main topics of international monitoring schemes. Biomarkers, as the measures of biological effects, have to meet essential requirements to be recommended on an international level. Among the prerequisites are assessment criteria to describe the main thresholds: to background contamination on one hand and to unacceptable effects and harm to the organism on the other hand. This article describes strategies and drawbacks of choosing and applying marker of contaminant effects to marine field samples. It reflects the actual stage of international guidelines for biological effects monitoring in marine fish and provides an outlook on future use of biomarker as part of an integrated assessments of the marine ecosystem. This goal is addressed in the EU marine strategy framework directive and other international programs. With this article we want to point out that the future of marine environmental assessment of contaminants will be closely linked to integrated monitoring - the combination of chemical monitoring and biological effects monitoring. Biological effects techniques are ready for this challenge.
关键词：Biological Effect ; Monitoring Scheme ; Marine Research ; Effect Technique ; International Monitoring
