出版社：International Medical Journal Management and Indexing System
摘要：The purpose of this study was to explore the historical perspective of the conflict between the humanitarian role of Medicine and the role of military doctors during periods of warfare. Historical archives and reports were researched and an extensive research in available literature was also conducted. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, with his oath sets a highly ethical professional code dictating that Medicine is the profession which saves lives and eases pain whenever this is possible, without discriminating between friends and enemies. Military doctors face the dilemma between their humanitarian role as implied by the Hippocratic oath and their military role implied by patriotism and the duty to the Fatherland. Louis Pasteur in his oration at the dedication of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, on November 14, 1888 stressed the contradiction between the law of blood and death which is implied during warfare and the law of work and health which is implied during peace. WW II Nazi medical atrocities and the Nuremberg medical trial (NMT) was the trigger that led to the formation of a medical ethics code and a military medical code, especially regarding issues on human experimentation and euthanasia. Research on biological warfare and medical issues in the war against terrorism are the current «hot topics» of medical military ethics.
关键词：Medical ethics; history; Hippocrates; moral; Pasteur; Nuremberg medical trial
