摘要：There is limited data about the reproductive toxic effects of shisha smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of this habit on semen parameters and hormones levels by comparing the results with those of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Forty-two shisha smokers and 81 healthy nonsmokers participated in this study. Additionally, 65 cigarette smokers were recruited for comparison. Tobacco intoxication was evaluated by determination of blood carboxyhaemoglobin. The results showed that shisha intoxication is more than cigarette as evidenced by the significant increase in COHb level and the significant decrease in the percentage of sperm motility in comparison to non smokers. Both shisha and cigarette smoking significantly lowered semen volume, sperm count and the percentage of sperms with normal morphology. Additionally, they significantly delayed the liquefaction time. Present data revealed that shisha smoking affects semen parameters more than cigarette smoking with significant decrease in percentage of sperms with normal morphology among shisha users. Significant higher levels of testosterone, FSH and LH were found among shisha and cigarette smokers. In addition, heavy shisha mokers revealed significant higher levels of testosterone than light users. There was statistically significant negative correlation between the smoking index and semen volume and the sperm count and a significant positive correlation between the smoking index and the testosterone levels. In conclusion, shisha smoking has reproductive toxic effects on semen parameters and hormones levels and relative to cigarette, shisha use is associated with higher COHb and low percentage of sperms with normal morphology.
