To reduce complications and provide proper management for better clinical outcomes in the treatment of macular edema through a large-scale analysis of the incidence and risk factors for complications of intravitreal triamcinolone injection.

The medical records of 490 eyes that received intravitreal triamcinolone (4.0 mg) injection for treatment of macular edema caused by various diseases were retrospectively reviewed, and relevant parameters were included in a multivariate regression model.

Vitrectomized ( p < 0.001) and pseudophakic ( p = 0.054) eyes were less likely to exhibit an intraocular pressure increase, but glaucoma ( p < 0.001) and young age ( p = 0.073) were found to be significant risk factors for this complication. Vitrectomized eyes ( p = 0.011), diabetic macular edema ( p < 0.001), secondary ocular hypertension ( p = 0.029) and old age ( p = 0.059) were associated with cataract progression. Three consecutive case of sterile endophthalmitis, which differs from bacterial endophthalmitis in clinical course and prognosis, occurred during the same period.

Risk factors and the incidence of complications after intravitreal triamcinolone injection should be evaluated through regular follow-up evaluation to ensure proper management and a better prognosis.