Cardiac tamponade with pleural and pericardial effusion is a rare but life-threatening complication of umbilical venous catheterization in the newborn. It requires a timely diagnosis and urgent treatment, such as pericardiocentesis, to save lives of affected patients. Recently, we experienced a 7 day-old, very low birth weight infant, who developed a cardiac tamponade with pleural and pericardial effusions complicated by umbilical venous catheterization. The patient was successfully treated with pleural and pericardial drainages. Here, we report this case with a review of literature, since there has been no such previous case reported in Korea.