摘要：Authors Véronique Ezratty , Anne Duburcq , Corinne Emery , Jacques Lambrozo Service des études médicales d’EDF 22-28 rue Joubert 75009, Paris France, Cemka-Eval Bourg-la-Reine, 43, avenue du Maréchal Joffre, 92340 Bourg-La-Reine, France Key words: Comfort, fungi, humidity, residence characteristics, social class, ventilation DOI : 10.1684/ers.2009.0303 Page(s) : 497-506 Published in: 2009 Housing conditions, including the dwelling unit, the building, and the immediate environment, are considered major determinants of the health of the residents. Among the numerous factors involved, little documentation is thus far available about those linked to energy efficiency and its relation to health. The LARES Housing and Health survey, conducted by the WHO Europe (Bonn Office) in representative samples of eight European cities, provides substantial data from 3373 households about the housing conditions and the health of their 8519 residents. We assessed the relation of the main characteristics of energy efficiency, including residential thermal comfort, weather-tightness, ventilation, and mould or dampness, to some common diseases and symptoms. After adjustment for age, gender, socio-economic status and smoking, we observed that self-reported poor health was significantly associated with poor thermal comfort (OR = 2.6), inadequate weather-tightness (OR = 2.4) and mould and/or dampness problems (OR = 1.7). Similar results were observed for specific diseases, after adjustment for relevant characteristics. Asthma attacks in the previous 12 months were significantly associated with mould or dampness (OR = 1.7), poor thermal comfort (OR = 1.5), and inadequate ventilation (OR = 1.5). Allergies, hypertension, colds and sore throats, and migraine or frequent headaches in the past 12 months were also associated with temperature (OR of 1.5, 1.8, 1.4 and 1.8 respectively), mould or dampness (OR of 1.3, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.8 respectively), and insufficient weather-tightness (OR of 1.1, 1.2, 1.2 and 1.7 respectively). Gastric and duodenal ulcers appeared to be significantly associated with poor thermal comfort (OR = 1.9) and poor weather-tightness (OR = 1.6). Although these results need to be confirmed by other studies, they already demonstrate the usefulness from a health perspective of improving the energy efficiency of existing dwellings, especially their weather-tightness and ventilation. These simple and not too costly actions might have a beneficial impact not only on energy savings and personal comfort but also on health.
关键词：Comfort; fungi; humidity; residence characteristics; social class; ventilation
