摘要：Figures See all figures Author P. Nicolas Unité du méningocoque, centre collaborateur OMS de référence et de recherche pour les méningocoques entre 1995 et 2011, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, institut de médecine tropicale du service de santé des armées, Marseille, France Key words: meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, meningococcal disease, meningitis, meningitis outbreak, meningitis belt, vaccine, conjugate vaccine DOI : 10.1684/mst.2012.0086 Page(s) : 246-58 Published in: 2012 Group A meningococci are primarily responsible for the epidemic meningococcal diseases in the countries of the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. In 1995-1996 major epidemics (>200 000 cases) impeded effective management and ultimately resulted in many improvements. Since 2003, the Multi-Disease Center (MDSC) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and the WHO in Geneva have collected epidemiologic and laboratory data; new alert and epidemic thresholds are applied; and management has improved, with a single dose of ceftriaxone or of oily chloramphenicol now recommended. Trivalent ACW vaccine has been introduced against serogroup W135 epidemics. In 2010, preventive vaccination campaigns using the meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac ® began. Their use in all countries of the meningitis belt could eliminate serogroup A outbreaks in the region.
