期刊名称：Revue de Neuropsychologie Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques
印刷版ISSN：2101-6739
电子版ISSN：2102-6025
出版年度：2009
卷号：1
期号：1
页码：84-89
DOI：10.1684/nrp.2009.0013
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Anne Lise Pitel , Hélène Beaunieux , Edith V Sullivan , Adolf Pfefferbaum , Fausto Viader , Béatrice Desgranges , Francis Eustache Unité U923, GIP Cyceron, Inserm – EPHE – université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, Caen, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, États-Unis, Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, États-Unis, Service de neurologie, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, Caen Key words: Korsakoff’s syndrome, episodic memory, working memory, semantic memory, brain imaging DOI : 10.1684/nrp.2009.0013 Page(s) : 84-9 Published in: 2009 Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), classically described as a diencephalic amnesia, includes severe episodic memory disorders, executive dysfunctions but preserved semantic memory. However, recent neuropsychological and neuro-imaging investigations of KS have encouraged reconsidering his traditional description. Indeed, even though KS patients are obviously more severely impaired than uncomplicated alcoholics (AL), the two groups exhibit very close profile of episodic memory disorders, KS and AL’s performance lying along a continuum. Regarding working memory, there is no specific impairment in KS compared with AL, indeed both groups seem to be altered in the same extent. Contrary to KS’s traditional description, this disease seems also to encompass impairment of semantic learning abilities, reflecting both an intrinsic semantic memory deficit and the use of a learning route that differs from the controls’ one. Indeed, KS patients invoke an alternative learning system bypassing the episodic memory and being therefore slow and inefficient. Finally, recent neuro-imaging studies showed that morphological and functional brain damage not only included the thalami and mammillary bodies but also the medial temporal lobes, the frontal cortex, the cerebellum and especially the cingulate cortex. As these brain abnormalities have also been reported in AL, the continuity theory may refer to the effects of alcohol not only on particular memory processes but also on the brain. In summary, even though traditional conception of KS has to be revisited taking the recent neuropsychological and neuro-imaging results into account, this amnesic syndrome remains particularly relevant as a model of human memory and its brain neural basis.
关键词：Korsakoff’s syndrome; episodic memory; working memory; semantic memory; brain imaging
