期刊名称：Revue de Neuropsychologie Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques
印刷版ISSN：2101-6739
电子版ISSN：2102-6025
出版年度：2011
卷号：3
期号：3
页码：176-180
DOI：10.1684/nrp.2011.0179
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Author Mickaël Laisney Inserm - EPHE - Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité de recherche U923, Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex Key words: neuropsychological tests, semantic memory disorders, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia DOI : 10.1684/nrp.2011.0179 Page(s) : 176-80 Published in: 2011 Here we report three neuropsychological works dedicated to the examination and degradation of semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia and the frontal variant of fronto-temporal dementia (fv-FTD).The first work was designed to study the cognitive processes and the neural substrates involved in the performances on verbal fluency tasks in patients suffering from semantic dementia and fv-FTD. The performance of fv-FTD patients in both fluency tasks mainly depend of their executive abilities while those of SD patients in both tasks were restricted by the impairment of their semantic memory store. Our results emphasized the multi-component nature of verbal fluency tasks of which cognitive specificities and neural substrates need to be well understood for an efficient use. We also report a study of the semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia. In this work we used an original paradigm based on semantic priming effects for different kinds of semantic links. The results showed that in Alzheimer's disease and in semantic dementia, the perturbation of generic semantic knowledge firstly concerns the specific features of concepts. This impairment pattern totally fits with the connexionnist models of semantic memory. Finally, to contribute to the detection of early semantic deficits we propose a battery of tests assessing familiarity of faces and names, semantic biographical knowledge and face naming of 16 famous people. For each people, matching tasks evaluate two types of biographical knowledge, a shared feature (the profession) and a more specific feature. In order to distinguish a central loss of knowledge from access difficulties, semantic matching tests use the same material proposed in two different forms: faces and names.
