期刊名称：Revue de Neuropsychologie Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques
印刷版ISSN：2101-6739
电子版ISSN：2102-6025
出版年度：2013
卷号：5
期号：3
页码：187-199
DOI：10.1684/nrp.2013.0271
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Edith V. Sullivan , Adolf Pfefferbaum Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, California, United States, Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States Key words: alcoholism, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, animal studies, longitudinal studies DOI : 10.1684/nrp.2013.0271 Page(s) : 187-99 Published in: 2013 Quantitative neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of chronic alcoholism have revealed patterns of sparing and damage of brain structure and function. Hallmarks of alcoholism include shrinkage of brain tissue notable in fronto-cerebellar and limbic structures and damage to neurocircuitry that contributes to characteristic impairment in executive functions, visuospatial abilities, and gait and balance. Functional and structural imaging together with neuropsychological testing have revealed that, when able to achieve normal performance levels, alcoholics commonly recruit brain regions not invoked by healthy individuals but may do so at the price of usurping reserves needed for conducting multiple tasks simultaneously. Animal studies have complemented human investigations in elucidating the nature of alcoholism-related neuropathology, their functional ramifications, factors (age, nutrition, genetics, sex, consumption patterns) contributing to heterogeneity of alcoholism's effects, and the potential for restoration with abstinence and progression with relapse.
