期刊名称：Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse
印刷版ISSN：1147-7806
电子版ISSN：1777-5922
出版年度：2009
卷号：20
期号：1
页码：17-30
DOI：10.1684/sec.2009.0166
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Patrick Le Goulven , Guillaume Lacombe , Julien Burte , Alain Gioda , Roger Calvez Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD UMR GEAU (gestion de l’eau, acteurs, usages) Whymper 442 y Coruña Apartado postal 17 12857 Quito Équateur, International Water Management Institute PO Box 4199 Nongviengkham - Xaythany district Vientiane Lao P.D.R, Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos - FUNCEMEAv. Rui Barbosa 1246 Fortaleza/CE 60115-221 Brazil, Institut de recherche pour le développement, IRD UMR hydroSciences Montpellier Calle Teruel n o 357 Miraflores Lima 18 Pérou Key words: arid zones, water management, water resources DOI : 10.1684/sec.2009.0166 Page(s) : 17-30 Published in: 2009 As most regions, arid zones benefited from waves of hydro agricultural structures during the second half of the XXth century. They were organized to slow down, stock and render certain sporadic and violent flows accessible to works along the rivers. This succession of superposed structures is far from being optimally valued as shown in different reports on the catchments in the centre of Tunisia and the north of Mexico. In both regions, the reservoirs favour mainly evaporation flows. On the basis of such observations, governments have tried to improve the technical management of the structures favouring water transfer towards groundwater storage. They also try to mobilize unconventional water resources with some success, but only in specific situations due to high costs (desalinization), difficulty of gaining acceptance (reusable waste water) or low volume (atmospheric water). All of these initiatives have failed to stop the overexploitation of phreatic water tables. Some initiatives are now progressively starting to reduce water demand and to increase food production at the same time. This new policy is financing the development of more efficient irrigation techniques (sprinkling, dripping, swelling polymers, vertical drainpipes, etc.) to replace the mostly gravitating irrigation. However, after a few years of use the impact of these new techniques appears less impressive than initially expected either due to inadequate use or to new patterns of behaviour they created. At present the authorities are testing complementary economical tools and regulations to make the technical changes more efficient.
