期刊名称：Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse
印刷版ISSN：1147-7806
电子版ISSN：1777-5922
出版年度：2011
卷号：22
期号：2
页码：86-96
DOI：10.1684/sec.2011.0300
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Eric Roose , Ronald Bellefontaine , Marjolein Visser IRD UMR 210: ECO & SOL BP 64501 34394 Montpellier cedex 5 France, Cirad UPR Génétique forestière 34398 Montpellier France, Université libre de Bruxelles École interfacultaire des bioingénieurs CP 169 50, avenue F. Roosevelt 1050 Bruxelles Belgique Key words: biodiversity, ecosystem, erosion control, soil degradation, the Mediterranean, soil restoration, tropical zone DOI : 10.1684/sec.2011.0300 Page(s) : 86-96 Published in: 2011 Many scientists claim “soil is a non-renewable natural resource”. Nevertheless, many traditional or scientific experiments have shown it is possible in hot and semi-humid areas to accelerate the weathering of some rocks and, in some conditions, to restore the productivity of degraded and eroded soils while increasing biodiversity. The analysis of 17 semiarid tropical and Mediterranean case studies demonstrates that six rules must be respected to restore the productivity of degraded and eroded soils in a short time span: i) manage surface run-off efficiently (stone bunds, living hedges, basins, tied ridging, etc); ii) combine tillage with the addition of organic matter with high C:N to restore macroporosity and stabilise the soil structure; iii) revitalise the topsoil with low C:N manure or compost; iv) correct the soil pH; v) pay due attention to plant nutrition; and vi) select locally adapted but non-invasive plants. The respect of these rules represents an important investment (labour + production, transport and spread of organic matter and fertiliser) and peasants will only accept this effort if socio-economic pressure is high and sustained and if the returns on this investment are important, safe and rapid.
关键词：biodiversity; ecosystem; erosion control; soil degradation; the Mediterranean; soil restoration; tropical zone
