摘要：El cólera es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que causa grandes epidemias, evoluciona por pandemias y en lugares donde el saneamiento ambiental básico es deficiente y no se aplican estrategias coherentes de control de la enfermedad puede llegar a convertirse en endémica. Este mal arribó a Cuba en 1833, como parte de la segunda pandemia mundial. Se plantea que su entrada pudo evitarse, pero los intereses económicos y políticos del grupo social en el poder provocaron que se debilitaran las medidas de acordonamiento sanitario y que oficialmente la enfermedad se declarara controlada, mientras que en realidad, la morbilidad y mortalidad se mantuvieron durante más tiempo. Por lo anterior, la presencia del cólera en La Habana tuvo un fuerte impacto demográfico y se estima que el diez por ciento de la población falleció por su causa. El objetivo de esta investigación es documentar la llegada del cólera a Cuba y su impacto demográfico, para lo cual se siguió el método histórico. La técnica utilizada es la revisión documental, mediante la cual se examinaron y transcribieron documentos de archivos; además se analizaron informes y se consideró la literatura científica publicada en la época sobre la epidemia en Cuba y en la región caribeña. Aunque se encontró evidencia del elevado índice de mortalidad causado por este mal, no fue posible establecer una cifra definitiva, pues las fuentes estadísticas son parciales, sin embargo se demuestra que hubo una mayor afectación entre la población negra y la clase pobre.
其他摘要：Cholera is an infectious disease that causes large epidemics, pandemics evolves and may eventually become endemic in places where basic sanitation is poor, and do not apply strategies consistent disease control. He arrived in Cuba in 1833, as part of the second global pandemic. It argues that its entry was avoided, but being in game economic and political interests of the social group in power, sanitary cordon measures weakened. The same set of interests led to officially declare the epidemic ended, while actually the morbidity and mortality from the disease remained long after. The aim is to show the arrival of cholera in Havana and describe its demographic impact. Historical method was followed. Technique was used literature review, we reviewed files and transcribed documents. Reports were reviewed and published scientific literature on cholera in Cuba and in the Caribbean region. Caused mortality was very high, but you can not establish a definite view, as statistics are incomplete sources there was greater involvement among blacks and poor.Cholera is an infectious disease that causes large epidemics, pandemics evolves and may eventually become endemic in places where basic sanitation is poor, and do not apply strategies consistent disease control. He arrived in Cuba in 1833, as part of the second global pandemic. It argues that its entry was avoided, but being in game economic and political interests of the social group in power, sanitary cordon measures weakened. The same set of interests led to officially declare the epidemic ended, while actually the morbidity and mortality from the disease remained long after. The aim is to show the arrival of cholera in Havana and describe its demographic impact. Historical method was followed. Technique was used literature review, we reviewed files and transcribed documents. Reports were reviewed and published scientific literature on cholera in Cuba and in the Caribbean region. Caused mortality was very high, but you can not establish a definite view, as statistics are incomplete sources there was greater involvement among blacks and poor.
关键词：Mortalidad; historia del cólera; historia de la medicina; Cuba;Mortality; history of cholera; medical history; Cuba
