摘要：Los acuíferos constituyen una de las principales fuentes de abastecimiento de agua potable en México, por lo que se requiere que el recurso sea apto para el consumo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha reportado que en el agua subterránea existen microorganismos, como las amebas de vida libre (AVL), de ellas algunas pueden causar enfermedades en el humano. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de amebas de vida libre en agua de pozos del municipio de Tizayuca, Hidalgo. Se realizaron 6 muestreos durante un año, se colectaron 1000 mL de agua, las muestras se filtraron a través de membranas de 1.2 µms estériles, éstas se colocaron en placas Petri con medio Agar no nutritivo con la bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes (NNE), las placas se incubaron a 30ºC y se examinaron al microscopio invertido después de ocho días. Las amebas se identificaron morfológicamente. Se detectaron amebas en todos los pozos, se encontraron 13 especies de 9 géneros: Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Mayorella, Platyamoeba, Rosculus, Thecamoeba, Vahlkampfia, Vannella y Vexillifera, siendo Hartmannella la que se presentó con mayor frecuencia (44%). Hartmannella, Vahlkampfia y Vannella se han encontrado asociadas a casos de meningoencefalitis y queratitis, pero no se ha podido comprobar su papel como causantes de las enfermedades. Acanthamoeba es la única que se ha reportado como patógena, pero solamente se detectó en un muestreo con muy baja frecuencia. Por lo que se puede decir que no existe riesgo en consumir el agua, pero debe de ser desinfectada para evitar problemas de salud a los usuarios.
其他摘要：The aquifers are one of the main sources of drinking water supply in Mexico, therefore it is required that the resource is suitable for human consumption. However, in recent years it has reported there are microorganisms in groundwater such as free-living amoebae (FLA), of which some can cause diseases. The objective was to determine the presence of the free-living amoebae in wells of the municipality of Tizayuca, Hidalgo. Six samplings were carry out during a year, 1000 mL of water from the wells was collected, samples were filtered through sterile membranes of 1.2 µm, they were placed on plates of non-nutritive Agar medium with the bacterium Enterobacter aerogenes (NNE), the plates were incubated at 30 °C and were reviewed under the inverted microscope after eight days. The amoebae were identified morphologically. Free-living amoebae were detected in the six wells, there were found 13 species belonging to 9 genera: Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Mayorella, Platyamoeba, Rosculus, Thecamoeba, Vahlkampfia, Vannella and Vexillifera, being Hartmannella which occurred more frequently (44%). Amoebae of genera: Hartmannella, Vahlkampfia and Vannella have been found associated with meningoencephalitis and keratitis cases, but its role as the etiologic agent of disease could not be verified. Acanthamoeba is the only one that has been reported as pathogenic, but only was detected in a sample with very low frequency. So it can say that there is not risk to drink the well water, but water must be disinfected to avoid health problems to the consumers.
关键词：Pozos; agua subterránea; acuífero; amebas de vida libre; Hartmannella;Wells; groundwater; aquifer; free-living amoebae; Hartmannella
