出版社：Asociación Latinoamericana de Profesores de Medicina Familiar A.C.
摘要：Objetivo: Comparar el patrón de crecimiento ponderal, frecuencia de Infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) y enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) del lactante menor de acuerdo al tipo de lactancia. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. Material y Métodos: Muestra no probabilística por conveniencia que incluyó el total de niños atendidos por la Enfermera Materno Infantil en el primer semestre del año 2004. Se integraron a 116 lactantes menores de acuerdo al tipo de lactancia durante el primer cuatrimestre, integrados en tres grupos: materna, artificial y mixta. Se determinaron índices peso/edad, talla/edad, peso/talla, al nacimiento, 2 y 4 meses de edad. Se realizó estadística inferencial con χ2 para observar diferencias en la frecuencia de IRA y EDA según tipo de alimentación y U de Mann Whitney para diferencias de crecimiento, con IC 95%.Resultados: La muestra fue de 63(54%) femeninos y 53(46%) masculinos, 64 (55.1%) alimentados con lactancia mixta, 34 (29.3%) con lactancia materna y 18 (15.5%) con lactancia artificial. El peso y talla promedio al nacimiento 3.249 Kg. y 52 cm., a los 2 meses 5.999 Kg. y 57 cm., a los 4 meses 6.499 Kg. y 67.5 cm. En los casos de lactancia mixta se presentaron: 2(64%) cuadros de EDAs y 64(55.1%) cuadros de IRAs. Conclusiones: No importa el tipo de alimentación para las diferencias en el crecimiento ponderal, con el estudio se encontraron lactantes con desnutrición al usar los índices de peso/talla/edad, no reportados. Se podría considera factor de riesgo para IRAs y EDAs a la lactancia mixta
其他摘要：Objective: We sought to compare growth pattern, acute respiratory infection (ARI) frequency, and acute diarrhea disease (ADD) in infants according to lactation type. Design: We carried out a descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods. We conducted a non-randomized sample by convenience that included total infants seen by an Infant Maternal Nurse during the first 6 months of 2004. We studied a group of 116 infants according to lactation type during their first 4 months of life and classified these infants into three groups: breast-fed; bottle-fed, and mixed-fed. Weight/age, height/age, and weight/height indexes were determined at birth and at 2 and 4 months of age. Inferential statistics with χ2 were employed to observe differences between ARI and ADD according to feeding type, and Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for growth differences, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: The sample was composed of 63 (54%) female and 53 (46%) male infants; 64 (55.1%) were fed with mixed lactation, 34 (29.3%) with breast feeding, and (15.5%) with bottle feeding. Average weight and height at birth were 3.249 kg and 52 cm, while at 2 months of age the infants were 5.999 kg and 57 cm and at 4 months age, 6.499 kg and 67.5 cm. Infections predominated in mixed lactation: there were two (64%) cases of ADD and 64 (55.1%) cases of ARI. Conclusions: Feeding type is not significant with regard to differences in expected growth; in our study, infants with malnutrition were found when weight/height/age indexes were used. Mixed feeding could be a risk factor for ARI and ADD
