出版社：Asociación Latinoamericana de Profesores de Medicina Familiar A.C.
摘要：Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia y categoría de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular según la estructura familiar en pacientes con hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS).Diseño: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, comparativo. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular considerados como mayores y menores; estructura familiar, evaluación del estrés con escala de Holmes; se incluyeron portadores de HAS sin antecedentes de infarto. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y χ2. Resultados: Se estudiaron 246 pacientes con HAS, con media de edad de 63.5 ± 11.4 años; género femenino 165(67.9%); estado civil casado 171(69.5%); ocupación hogar 153(62.2%). Factores de riesgo cardiovascular mayores: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en 57(23.2%), hipercolesterolemia 82(33.3%), tabaquismo 13(5.3%). Factores menores: Sedentarismo en 152(61.8%); alcoholismo 5(2%); obesidad 117(47.6%); sobrepeso 95(38.6%); hipertrigliceridemia 56(22.8%); menopausia 142(86%); antecedentes heredofamiliares de cardiopatía isquémica 45(18.3%); anticonceptivos orales 14(5.9%); estrés 38(15.4%). Conforme categoría de riesgo cardiovascular se observó alto en 103 pacientes (41,9%) y bajo en 143(58%); estructura familiar nuclear167(67.9%) de éstos 96(39%) con bajo riesgo cardiovascular, χ2 con p 0.70. Conclusiones: Es de primordial importancia para el médico familiar la observación de la mayor prevalencia observada para los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de categoría baja, independientemente de la estructura familiar, aunque en ambas categorías de riesgo la familia nuclear obtuvo el mayor porcentaje. Sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa al relacionar los datos de factor de riesgo cardiovascular en el portador de HAS con la estructura familiar.
其他摘要：Objective: Our aim was to compare cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence and category according to family structure in patients with hypertension. Design: We conducted an observational, analytical, crosssectional, and comparative study. Materials and Methods: We considered both major and minor cardiovascular risk factors including family structure and stress evaluation with the Holmes scale, and utilized descriptive statistics and the χ² test. Results. We studied 246 patients with hypertension, average age 63.5 ± 11.4 years, 165 (67.9) were women, 171 (69.5) were married, and 153 (62.2) were homemakers. Major cardiovascular risk factors comprised the following: type 2 diabetes mellitus type, 57 (23.2%); hypercholesterolemia, 82 (33.3%), and smoking, 13 (5.3%). Results concerning minor cardiovascular risk factors were as follows: sedentary lifestyle, 152 (61.8%); alcoholism, 5 (2%); obesity, 117 (47.6%); overweight, 95 (38.6%); hypertriglyceridemia, 56 (22.8%); menopause, 142 (86%); family history, 45 (18.3%); oral contraceptives, 14 (5.9%), and stress, 38 (15.4%). According to cardiovascular risk category, 103 (41.9%) were major and and 143 (58%), minor; with regard to nuclear family structure, there were 167 (67.9%), of which 96 (39%) had low cardiovascular disease risk (χ2, p 0.70). Conclusions. It is very important for the family physician to note the higher prevalence observed for low cardiovascular risk, although in both high and low risk the nuclear family obtained a higher percentage without a statistical difference on relating cardiovascular risk factor data in the patient with high blood pressure with family structure
