出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：En este trabajo se intenta: 1) analizar en forma crítico-comparativa las probables diferencias existentes entre dos grupos de cuidadoras familiares de enfermos crónicos, madres que cuidan hijos enfermos crónicos, e hijas que cuidan al padre o a la madre ancianos con enfermedad crónica, en la estructura de la red social referida al tamaño de la red de parientes, en el apoyo social percibido, en la satisfacción con respecto al apoyo social y en el sentimiento de sobrecarga que es experimentado por ellas, y 2) estudiar en cada grupo de cuidadoras la probable influencia del tamaño de la red de parientes, el apoyo social percibido y la satisfacción con el apoyo, sobre el sentimiento de sobrecarga. Para evaluar la estructura de la red social y el apoyo social percibido se seleccionó el Cuestionario sobre Apoyo Social de Mannheim (MISS) (Veiel, 1986) y para evaluar el sentimiento de sobrecarga se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre Sentimiento de Carga (CSC) (Zarit & Zarit, 1982). Ambos instrumentos fueron administrados, hasta ahora, a 60 de las 140 cuidadoras familiares de enfermos crónicos que conforman la muestra. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir, con un cierto margen de error, que: a) el grupo de madres cuidadoras se diferencia significativamente del de hijas en el grado de apoyo social percibido y en el sentimiento de sobrecarga y b) las madres cuidadoras se diferencian entre sí en el sentimiento de sobrecarga de acuerdo a si están satisfechas o no con los apoyos instrumental y / o psicológico cotidianos y con un fuerte apoyo instrumental en crisis.
其他摘要：The aims of this paper are: 1) to analyze in a criticalcomparative way the possible differences between two groups of women family caregivers of chronically ill patients, mothers who take care of chronically ill children and daughters who take care of chronically ill elderly parents. The differences we are interested in are those related to the structure of the social network related to the size of the network of relatives, the perceived social support, the satisfaction related to the social support and the feeling of burden they experience, and 2) to study in each group of women caregivers the possible influence of the size of the network of relatives, the perceived social support and the satisfaction with that support with the feeling of burden. A questionnaire of basic information was built, with which we gather information related to sociodemographic characteristics of the caregiver, of the ill relative and of certain variables, which characterize the severity of the implicit demands in the caregiving of a chronically ill persono Besides this, we selected: 1) Mannheim Instrument for Social Support (MISS) by Hans Veiel (1986) to assess the structure of the social network, the perceived social support and the level of satisfaction. 2) Feeling of Burden Questionnaire by Zarit and Zarit (1982) to assess the negative effects of the caregiving of a chronically ill relative on the psychological and physical health of the caregiver. The sample is composed by 140 women family caregivers of chronically ill patients, of which 60 have been already interviewed. To meet the goals, different test of univariate and multivariate statistical significance were performed, such as tests of percentage differences and arithmetic mean for independent samples, ANOVA and two-factor ANOVA. Related to our first goal we can condude, with a certain risk of error, that mothers differ significantly from daughters in the strong and moderate degrees of perceived social support and in the feeling of burden. Related to social support, a higher percentage of mothers perceive a strong support, while a higher percentage of daughters believe they count with a moderate support. Related to the feeling of burden, mothers show, in a higher percentage than daughters that the responsibilities implied in the caregiving of a chronically ill child almost never negatively affect their health, their personal and sociallife, their finances and their psychological well-being; while daughters show in a higher percentage than mothers that caregiving a chronically ill parent jrequently affects them in a negative way. The expectations and prescriptions of the role of mother can partially explain the differences found. Related to our second goal we can condude, with a certain risk of error, that the size of the network of relatives, the perceived social support, and the amount of satisfaction have no significant influence on the feeling of burden of daughters. Among mothers, only the amount of satisfaction with the psychological and instrumental everyday's support, and on the other hand with the instrumental support in crisis among those who perceive a strong support, influence on the feeling of burden. Mothers who are satisfied with their social support obtain significantly lower scores in the Feeling of Burden Questionnaire than those who say they are not satisfied do. Satisfaction with positive emotional bonds with the members of the network would partially explain the moderating rol e it has when facing the caregiving of a chronically ill child.
关键词：Apoyo social; sentimiento de sobrecarga; cuidadores familiares; enfermos crónicos;Social support; feeling of burden; family women caregivers; chronically ill patients
