出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：Los propósitos de la investigación que se informa fueron: (a) describir las opiniones y actitudes hacia la Estadística de estudiantes de carreras universitarias no humanísticas, tales como Ingeniería, Física, etc. y humanísticas, tales co - mo Psicología, Ciencias de la Educación, etc. y (b) analizar la influencia sobre las opiniones y actitudes hacia la Estadística de ciertas variables, tales como condiciones didácticas de los profesores de Matemática y/o Estadística, promedio de calificaciones obtenidas durante el secundario, opinión sobre la utilidad de la Estadística para su profesión, etc. Con tal fin se administraron un cuestionario de datos personales y dos escalas de actitudes hacia la Estadística construidas de acuerdo a dos métodos diferentes (Diferencial Semántico de Osgood e Intervalos Aparentemente Iguales de Thurstone). La muestra era de tipo incidental no probabilística e integrada por 229 estudiantes universitarios (64% mujeres y 36 % varones), el 68% era de carreras no matemáticas y el 32% de carreras matemáticas. Para comparar los dos grupos de estudiantes se aplicaron pruebas de diferencias de medias de muestras no correlacionadas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los estudiantes de carreras humanísticas poseen actitudes más desfavorables hacia la Estadística que los estudiantes de carreras no humanísticas. Las condiciones didácticas de los profesores de Matemática y Estadística, el promedio de calificaciones obtenidas en Matemática durante el secundario y la opinión sobre la utilidad de la Estadística para el ejercicio de la profesión influyen en forma estadísticamente significativa sobre la formación de las actitudes hacia la Estadística.
其他摘要：It is very usual to observe in many of the students of Psychology, Sociology, and Educa - tion some negative attitudes toward Statistics. In this sense we thought it would be interesting to analyze the problem. Obviously it would be of interest to change this negative attitude into a positive one, since the knowledge of Statistics is an important tool to analyze, systematize and interpret the facts of the real world. Besides psychologists as well as sociologists must be able to understand perfectly the data of quantita tive research papers as well as the results obtained using statistical programs such as the SPSS. The objectives of this research were: (a) the description of opinions and attitudes towards Statistics from university students in non human - istic disciplines such as Engineering, Phys ic, Chemistry, etc. versus students in hu manistic careers such as Psychology and So ci ol ogy, (b) to analyze the influence upon attitudes towards Statistics from variables such as didactics com - petences of Statistics and Mathematics pro fessors, average marks obtained at secondary school, opinions about usefulness of Statistics for their future professional role and so on. A ques tion naire on personal data and two attitude scales toward Statistics were constructed. One of them with items scaled following Osgood's Semantic Differential, with 14 bipolar adjectives. The other following the Thurnstone's Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals. An explor - atory factorial analysis was carried on to deter mine the factors underlying intercorrelations between the scores of the subjects that evaluate (judge) the 50 items of the scale. The factorial method used was that of principal axes with varmus rotation process and also promax to obtain the simple structure. There were obtained 5 factors, which explained 75% of the variance. The final scale was reduced to 23 items. The factors depict dimensions such as likeness, trust, use - fulness, anxiety and difficulty. The sample was not probabilistic but incidental with 229 uni - versity students; 64% women and 36% men. In the sample 68% were students from non mathematical disciplines and 32% from math ematical ones. To compare the two groups of students we used the mean non correlated differ ences test. As for the results when we analyzed the construct statistics the comparable profiles of means obtained in the 14 scale of bipolar adjectives (Osgood Scale) we found: (a) compar ing students from non humanistic disci plines versus hum - anistic ones, the first group says Statistics are more 'agreeable, plain, useful, clear, necessary, understanding, important, preferred, beautiful, profound, strong and pleasant'. Regard ing the influence of some variables on attitudes towards Statistics we observe: (a) didactics ability of Statistics and Mathematics teachers, (b) aver age marks in secondary school Mathematics and (c) the opinion on the usefulness of Statistics in their future professional role.
关键词：Actitudes; Estadística; Carreras Humanísticas; Carreras no Humanísticas;Attitude; Statistics; Non humanistic and humanistic disciplines
