出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：Se presentan los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de un modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a los reactivos de una prueba que mide la Voluntad de Trabajo (VT). La VT es un rasgo de la personalidad que describe la tendencia de un individuo a asumir sus obligaciones con responsabilidad, automotivación y sin dilaciones, aun cuando estas pudieran no ser de su agrado. La escala que mide la VT se compone de 9 ítemes con formato de respuesta ordenada de 4 valores. Se aplicó el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada (MRG) de Samejima a datos provenientes de la administración de la escala de VT a una muestra de 1.141 universitarios. Previamente se verificó la condición de unidimensionalidad de los ítemes, requerida por operando el programa MULTILOG. La estimación de los parámetros de este modelo se efectuó por máxima verosimilitud marginal. Sólo uno de los ítemes mostró un comportamiento inadecuado. La mayoría de los parámetros de localización tendieron a ubicarse en niveles medios bajos de la escala. Los parámetros de discriminación adoptaron valores entre moderados y altos. La Función de Información del Test evidenció que la escala es más precisa para discriminar individuos con niveles medios-bajos del rasgo evaluado. Los resultados revelaron los problemas que presenta la escala de VT y permitieron obtener información útil para orientar la construcción de nuevos reactivos.
其他摘要：This study aims to present the findings ob - tained from the application of an Item Response Theory model (IRT) to the reactive of a Will-to- Work Measuring Test (WW). WWis defined as the individuals' tendency to generate efficient volatile processes that allow them to commit themselves to starting a task and to persisting in its execution by over coming obstacles until they achieve its materialization with precision and without pro - crastination. WW is a personality trait that describes the predisposition of an individual to assume duties in a responsible, self-mo ti vat ed and prompt manner even when such duties may be unappealing. The scale mea suring the WW com - prises 9 items in polychromous response format (four-point rating scale), with the response options grad ed. Accordingly, one of the IRT most widely used models was applied for the monetization of ordered polychromous responses: Same jima's Graded Response Model (GRM). The GRM is a generalization of the Two Param eter Logistic Model of Birnbaum. In GRM, a person's proba - bility of responding in cat egory j to a specific item i, Pij(è), is obtained by subtracting the probability of responding in or below category j-1 from the probability of responding in or below cate gory j. Through the Item Response Cat egory Curves, the GRM allows for the represen tation of an indi - vidual's likelihood to choose each of the item categories based on the level of the latent trait measured. The data from this psychometric test was obtained from a sample of 1,141 university students. The one-di mensional assumption requir - ed by the GRM was corroborated through an exploratory analysis of the data factor struc ture. The local independence assumption was consider ed to be satisfied after proving the scale onedimensionality. All analyses based on the IRT were performed by operat ing the MULTI LOG software program. The GRM parameters esti - mation was carried out through marginal maximum likelihood procedures. A discrimi na tion parameter (a) and three location parameters (b1, b2 and b3) corresponding to thresholds separating the 4 response categories were estimated for each item. The model's goodness-of-fit was studied on an item basis by examining the residue of observed and expected proportions for each of the ordered response categories. The residue obtained was the same as or lower than .01, which led to the conclusion that the model adjustment to the data was satisfactory for all reactive. Despite this, one of the items showed in - appropriate behavior. The value of its location parameters turned out to be very different from the expected one and showed high estimation errors when compared against the values obtained for the rest of the items. Most of the location parameters showed midlow WW values and discrimination parameters showed mid-high values (0.73-1.73). The instrument's reliability was acceptable if we consider the .75 marginal reliability coefficient obtained from IRT. However, local accuracy measures showed that the test is less reliable when measuring the WW highest levels. In other words, the measure error increases as we attempt to discriminate strongly willful individuals. This means that the WW scale is useful to measure mid-low levels of WW, but less accurate when it comes to individuals whose trait level is higher. It is therefore concluded that it is necessary to raise the number of WW scale items to optimize the instrument quality. It is particularly important to identify construct indicators allowing for a more accurate detection of the highest trait levels. The shortage of the application of IRT models to personality tests as well as the difficulty that the achievement of their exigent assumptions were discussed. The findings showed the problems posed by the WW scale and allowed us to obtain useful information to guide the building of new items.
关键词：Modelo de Respuesta Graduada; Modelo de Samejima; Voluntad de Trabajo; Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem;Graded Response Model; Samejima's model; Will-to-Work; Item Response Theory
