出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：Hace algunos años, se ha publicado el nuevo Test Gestáltico de Bender, segunda versión (Ben- der-II). Esta nueva versión usa el Sistema de Calificación Global (SCG) para obtener los pun- tajes, que enfatiza la reproducción exacta de los diseños; junto con otros cambios estructurales, consiste en la mayor modificación realizada al Test de Bender para evaluar la habilidad visomo- tora en varias etapas del desarrollo humano. Pero aún hay pocas investigaciones que han estudiado su funcionamiento psicométrico en muestras his- panas y especialmente el error de medición en el procedimiento de la calificación. Se investigó el efecto de la variabilidad de la calificación del nuevo Bender-II sobre su validez de constructo con una medida de inteligencia. Se administraron el Bender-II y el Test Breve de In- teligencia de Kaufman (K-BIT) a 60 niños prees- colares, y tres calificadores calificaron las figu- ras reproducidas mediante procedimientos es- tandarizados y el SCG. El análisis comparó las correlaciones obtenidas por cada calificador en- tre los puntajes del Bender-II y del K-BIT. Se ha- lló que la variabilidad de los puntajes provenien- te de la interpretación del SCG afectó mode- radamente las correlaciones con el puntaje total y de las subescalas del K-BIT. Un calificador fue menos confiable y sus puntajes mostraron al me- nos 5% menos variancia compartida al compa- rarlo con los otros calificadores. Se concluye que la interpretación de la validez se puede dis- torsionar aun cuando el error de medición es moderado pues interaccionan con otras fuentes de error. Esto sugiere que se debe garantizar un buen acuerdo en la calificación de pruebas que requieran juicio.
其他摘要：Although the impact of the measurement error in the accuracy of the classification of subjects and validity correlations is theoretically established, in a practical situation has not been explored the degree of impact on the new Bender-II (Brannigan & Decker, 2003). The practical situation of assess- ment is that which occurs in the professional context, in which one or more examiners of an assessment team assessing children in a particular institution. The new Bender-II has substantial modifications in its structure and functioning, making it different from the original instrument proposed by Bender (1938, 1946). Structural changes consisted in more of items (16 designs), complementary tests (fine motor and visual perception) and two major tests (Visual Constructive Memory and Visual Motor), the rating method Global Scoring System (GSS) and standardized record sheet for the child’s behavior during the test administration. The GSS was created ad hoc for the Bender-II, and it is a method that emphasizes the exact reproduction of the designs; its origin is in the original gestalt approach of Bender. Main studies have been published in the manual (Brannigan & Decker, 2003), and subsequent studies have used the Amer- ican standardization sample. However, in non- immigrant Hispanic population, to date there are some unpublished and published only one (Merino, 2012); therefore, it is not known how generalizable the findings and psychometric properties obtained in the American standardization sample are. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the variability of the scoring of designs of the new Bender-II on construct validity with a measure of intelligence. The Bender-II and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT - Kaufman, A.S. & Kaufman, A.L., 1994) was administered to 60 pre- school children (between 4 and 5 years, 33 girls), and three scorers rated the designs reproduced, by standardized procedures and GSS. The analysis consisted of two steps: first, we estimated the consistency and inter-rater agreement using random two-way intraclass correlations (McGraw & Wong, 1996; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979). Second, for each scorer, correlations were calculated between scores on the Bender-II and K-BIT, and finally these correlations were compared with a test for depen- 254 dent correlations with a common element (Steiger, 1980, Williams, 1959). The results indicate that there were slight differences between two scorers, but one of them had comparatively lower coefficients of consistency and agreement. In the all scorers, the mag nitude of the consistency coefficients (> .85) and agreement (> .84) between the qualifiers indicate good levels of concordance with even moderate exercise time (two or three sessions). Correlations between scores on the Bender-II and K-BIT were around .43 and .61, and the lowest correlations occurred in the scorer that showed less consistency and agreement with other scorers, clearly indicating the impact of measurement error in the validity correlations. Compared with one of the rating, this difference was statistically significant, and the percentage reduction of covariance was at least 5%...
