摘要：Este traballo céntrase na análise do emprego do ferrocarril por parte das empresas galegas, especialmente daquelas que realizan transaccións con operadores da outra parte da Eurorrexión. Unha vez subliñado o uso residual desta infraestrutura fronte ao emprego masivo do camión, analizamos os factores explicativos da elección modal e da ocasional substitución no uso das infraestruturas de transporte terrestre. O estudo estatístico complementou a referencia ás empresas representativas dos sectores industriais, que moven a meirande parte do valor das transaccións coas principais empresas consignatarias das liñas regulares desde o porto de Vigo ou cara a el. O gap que pretende cubrir este traballo é responder ás necesidades reais das empresas con respecto á mellora desta infraestrutura (segundo recolle a memoria do proxecto que lle dá cobertura ao traballo e que require a Consellería de Economía e Facenda), identificando modelos de preferencias dos potenciais usuarios, propoñendo dous modelos de ecuacións estruturais que explican a elección modal e a incidencia desta infraestrutura sobre esa substitución. Finalmente, chégase á conclusión de que tanto as empresas coma os operadores loxísticos valoran a necesidade da mellora das infraestruturas nese enlace, aínda que para todos eles sería máis prioritaria unha clara liberalización do mercado de operadores ferroviarios, xa que consideran que o actual servizo é moi deficiente. Neste punto, a sensibilidade ao cambio é maior nos operadores loxísticos que nas empresas.
其他摘要：The present work centres on the analysis of the employment of the railroad on the Galician companies, specially on those that exchange with operators of another part of the European region. Underlined the residual use of the above mentioned infrastructure forehead the massive employment of the truck, we penetrate into the analysis of the explanatory factors of the modal choice and the eventual substitution into the use of the infrastructures of terrestrial transport. The statistical study complemented the reference to representative companies of the industrial sectors that move most of the value of the transactions, with the principal shipping agencies of regular lines, from or face the port of Vigo. The gap that tries to cover work is to answer to real needs of the companies with regard to improvement of infrastructure (according to it picks up the memory of the project that gives coverage to the work and requires the Council of Economy and Property), identifying models of preferences of the potential users; thus two explained structural equation models of the modal choice and its effect on the referred replacement are suggested. Coming finally to the conclusion of which both companies and logistic operators value the need of the advance of the infrastructures for the commented link, though for all of them there is more priority a clear liberalization of the market of railway operators, being the current service very deficient. In this point the sensibility to the change is bigger in the logistic operators that in the companies.
关键词：Percepción empresarial; Enlace ferroviario Vigo-Porto; Eurorrexión Galicia -Norte de Portugal; Mercado de operadores ferroviarios;Managerial perception; Railway link Vigo-Porto; Galicia-North of Portugal European Region; Railway operators market
