BACKGROUND: evaluation and intervention in dysortographia. PURPOSE: to describe and discuss findings from researches concerning dysortographia according to its definition, etiology, errors semiology classification, clinical findings, evaluation, and intervention. CONCLUSION: speech language evaluation and intervention should be based on error semiology classification because in this way it is possible to understand each type of error and the linguistic and cognitive factors related to them. This is associated with the orientations to parents and teachers on how to work with orthography at home or at the classroom without causing distress and anxiety to the children.