This paper presents a preliminary check list of Lutzomyia species from Maranhão State. The information derives from data gathered in the scarce literature on the distribution patterns of neotropical phlebotomines. There are 40 species reported in the State. Most are Amazonian in their distribution, while others come from the savanna domain of Central Brazil or have a widespread distribution in the neotropics. This can be explained by Maranhão's transitional position between the North, Northeast, and Central South of the country. Of the species of sandflies reported, seven are currently considered vectors for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases.