This article analyzes the issue of workers' health in the context of productive reorganization, based on the sexual division of labor and gender relations. The author begins with a discussion of cross-cutting issues and moves on to analyze current trends: the increase in female labor, its incorporation by multinational companies in the so-called Third World countries, an increase in differences and greater vulnerability vis-à-vis the process involving underemployment and suspension of social labor clauses. Finally, two examples of female labor (in industry and the school system) foster reflection on the effect of productive reorganization on working women's health, highlighting the issue of excessive workloads for women.