The article aims to review the historical and political context in which the so-called "generation of '37" arose and their adaptation of the Romantic movement in the River Plate. To that effect, we analyze the different critical approaches to the Facundo. Civilization or Barbarism, by Sarmiento, considered the founding text of Argentinean literature, as well as the adventures and publications by those exiled by the regime of Juan Manuel de Rosas, the caudillo to whom the romantic youth directed all of their criticism.