Dyckia tubifilamentosa Wand. & G. Sousa is described and illustrated. It differs from the other species of the genus Dyckia by several distinctive characters, namely: the ovoid shape of the flower buds, the long and exserted staminal tube formed from completely connate white filaments, the anther initially connivent and then divergent, along with the fruit with partially persistent perianth. Dyckia tubifilamentosa is found in some areas of the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil (Piauí State), growing in the Caatinga and transitional Caatinga-Cerrado biomes.