摘要：In words which seem uncannily relevant today, two mid-nineteenth century fugitives (in today's language, asylum seekers) wrote that 'the bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world-market given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country'. This cosmopolitanization (or in today's vocabulary globalization) turned out to be neither as continuous nor as complete as they expected. By the beginning of the following century other emigrant followers of these two men began to argue that the full economic integration of world capitalism would be prevented by strife between the industrialized countries. Imperialism in this sense seemed to mean that globalization would be a task for post-capitalist society.
