摘要：This systematic literature review examined the role of dietary macronutrient composition, food consumptionand dietary patterns in predicting weight or waist circumference (WC) change, with and without prior weightreduction. The literature search covered year 2000 and onwards. Prospective cohort studies, casecontrolstudies and interventions were included. The studies had adult (1870 y), mostly Caucasian participants. Outof a total of 1,517 abstracts, 119 full papers were identified as potentially relevant. After a careful scrutiny, 50papers were quality graded as A (highest), B or C. Forty-three papers with grading A or B were included inevidence grading, which was done separately for all exposure-outcome combinations. The grade of evidencewas classified as convincing, probable, suggestive or no conclusion. We found probable evidence for highintake of dietary fibre and nuts predicting less weight gain, and for high intake of meat in predicting moreweight gain. Suggestive evidence was found for a protective role against increasing weight from whole grains,cereal fibre, high-fat dairy products and high scores in an index describing a prudent dietary pattern.Likewise, there was suggestive evidence for both fibre and fruit intake in protection against larger increases inWC. Also suggestive evidence was found for high intake of refined grains, and sweets and desserts inpredicting more weight gain, and for refined (white) bread and high energy density in predicting largerincreases in WC. The results suggested that the proportion of macronutrients in the diet was not important inpredicting changes in weight or WC. In contrast, plenty of fibre-rich foods and dairy products, and lessrefined grains, meat and sugar-rich foods and drinks were associated with less weight gain in prospectivecohort studies. The results on the role of dietary macronutrient composition in prevention of weight regain(after prior weight loss) were inconclusive.Keywords: obesity; weight gain; weight maintenance; diet; fat; carbohydrates; protein; nutrition(Published: 13 August 2012)Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2012. 56: 19103 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.19103
关键词：obesity, weight gain, weight maintenance, diet, fat, carbohydrates, protein, nutrition
