摘要：Since the waning of the cold war during the late 1980s, the Arctic has emerged as a lively arena for initiatives designed to promote international cooperation. These initiatives take a variety of forms. Some, like the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) and its successor the Arctic Council (AC), involve intergovernmental agreements. Others, such as the Northern Forum (NF), are collaborative efforts on the part of subnational units of government (e.g. counties, provinces, states). Still others, like the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), the University of the Arctic (UArctic), and the Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC), feature efforts on the part of nongovernmental bodies to infl uence the course of transnational relations.
